Izquierda Marxista

Georgia: ¿Puede abrir el levantamiento el camino hacia un cambio real?

Autor: Chris Harman

Fecha: 27/11/2003

Traductor: Guillermo Crux, especial para PI

Fuente: Socialist Worker, GB

Georgia: Can the uprising open the way to real change?

A popular uprising drove the Georgian president from office last weekend. But, explains Chris Harman, already the US government is doing its best to ensure he is replaced by someone with very similar policies

ASTONISHING TV pictures from the Georgian capital, Tbilisi, showed protesters storming the parliament building as popular anger with the regime exploded last week. The president, Edward Shevardnadze, was forced to scuttle away. The slogans of the uprising were directed against government corruption and ballot rigging.

But something much more fundamental drove it forward-the extreme poverty of a large section of the population. Until 12 years ago Georgia was part of the USSR, of which Shevardnadze was foreign minister. Deepening economic crisis in the 1980s under Brezhnev and then Gorbachev led to an explosion of popular discontent. In 1991 the USSR fell apart after an unsuccessful military coup.

The rulers of all the new republics that emerged after the break-up of the USSR told people that a rapid turn to the market would lead to massive improvements in their living standards. The harsh reality in Georgia, as elsewhere, was quite different. Today 60 percent of the population live below the poverty level, and nearly a third of the people in Tbilisi are unemployed.

Workers can go for months at a time without getting paid while the official trade unions behave, as they did in the time of the USSR, as a branch of management. Healthcare is supposedly free, but in practice is only available for those who can afford to pay for it.

Shevardnadze took control of Georgia ten years ago after a civil war drove out the independent republic's first president. Shevardnadze's victory was greeted as providing the salvation for Georgia by virtually the whole of the Western media. When he was re-elected as president in 1999 the Western media were again ecstatic.

The Guardian reported, "Edward Shevardnadze, the president of Georgia, hailed a strong election victory yesterday as vindication of his pro-Western and pro-NATO policies."

In practice, however, his policies had amounted to sharing out ownership of industry between the old state bosses and the mafia. The level of corruption was shown when Hilary Clinton's brother tried to set up an export business with one of the best known mafia types, Aslan Abishidze. The only reason the project did not go ahead was that Abishidze was a political opponent of Shevardnadze at the time-although he tried to help Shevardnadze last weekend.

The all-important thing for the US, under Clinton and Bush alike, was working to pull Georgia into the US sphere of influence. In particular the aim was to protect a pipeline that is being built through the country to export oil from the Caspian Sea to the West via Turkey. It was afraid that otherwise the oil would go through cheaper routes run by regimes less friendly to the US-Iran or Russia.

So the US trains the armed forces, deploys 200 troops in the country, and gives the government more foreign aid per head than anywhere else in the world apart from Israel. The aid goes to increase corruption in the country, and helped keep Shevardnadze's oppressive regime in power for a decade.

However, when it became clear how unstable Shevardnadze's government was the US began hedging its bets and cultivating sections of the opposition. It hopes that three people who used to be close to Shevardnadze before joining the opposition will be able to get control.

The trio are Mikhail Saakashvili, a US-trained lawyer who used to be justice minister, Nino Burdzhanadze, speaker of the parliament, and Tedo Japaridze, head of the security forces. Hopefully many of the people who took to the streets last weekend will have other ideas.


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Background

Georgia is on George Bush's mind

GEORGIA IS a poor country with only four million inhabitants. But facing the Black Sea between Russia, Turkey, Armenia and Azerbaijan, it is of key strategic importance for any outside power trying to exercise influence over the whole region from the Middle East through to the Chinese border. Britain occupied the country briefly as part of its efforts to destroy the Russian Revolution in the aftermath of the First World War.

And, with BP playing a big part in the oil pipeline, New Labour went along with the US policy of loving up to Shevardnadze. But the powers that really matter today are the US and Russia. Both now have bases in the country. Russia also gets support from national minorities in the north of the country, the Abkhazians and the Ossetians.

Since uprisings in the early 1990s, the rulers of both regions have relied on Russia to keep them virtually independent of the Georgian government. The government of Russian president Vladimir Putin sees these minorities as pawns that can aid their attempts to dominate the national minorities within Russia itself.

In particular, Putin wants a free hand to use Russian troops in Georgia to attack Chechen fighters who have taken refuge in the Pankisi Gorge. The US also wants to attack the fighters in the gorge, claiming some belong to Al Qaida, but opposes the Russians doing so. Some commentators fear that the end result of these rivalries will be renewed civil war, with US-backed Georgian troops fighting Russian-backed Abkhazians and Ossetians.

Meanwhile, as the big imperialism of the US, aided by Britain, struggles with the smaller imperialism of Russia, the workers and peasants can expect their poverty to get worse-unless they build on last weekend's rising.